What are barbiturates commonly classified as?

Barbiturates are classified as downers because they have a depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS). This classification refers to their ability to inhibit brain activity, leading to effects such as sedation, relaxation, and in higher doses, potential unconsciousness. They serve various clinical purposes, often in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, or to induce anesthesia; however, due to their ability to depress the CNS, they also carry significant risks for overdose and dependence.

This understanding highlights how barbiturates specifically act on the CNS, making them distinct from stimulants, which increase CNS activity, hallucinogens, which primarily alter perception and sensory experiences, and narcotics, which are primarily analgesics used for pain relief rather than overall CNS depression.