What are the byproducts of anaerobic respiration?

In the context of cellular metabolism, anaerobic respiration is a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. During this process, glucose is broken down to produce energy, and the byproducts vary depending on the organism and the specific conditions.

In animals, such as humans, anaerobic respiration primarily results in the production of lactic acid and some amount of carbon dioxide. This occurs during intense physical activity when oxygen cannot be supplied to the muscles fast enough to meet energy demands, leading to the conversion of glucose into lactic acid, which can contribute to muscle fatigue.

In yeast and some other organisms, anaerobic respiration can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide, but this option does not apply to the context specified in the query about human physiology.

The other choices mention byproducts that are not associated with anaerobic respiration in the human body. Oxygen and water are byproducts of aerobic respiration, where oxygen is utilized. Heat and glucose do not represent byproducts but rather an energy output and the substrate used. Therefore, the most accurate descriptions of byproducts in the context of anaerobic processes in humans are lactic acid and carbon dioxide.