What are the techniques for controlling external bleeding?

The techniques for controlling external bleeding include direct pressure, elevation, and the use of hemostatic agents, making this the correct choice.

Direct pressure is the primary and most effective method for controlling bleeding. By applying firm pressure directly to the wound, you can help the blood to clot and significantly reduce blood loss. Elevation of the injured area above the level of the heart can also assist in slowing blood flow to the wound and promoting clotting. Hemostatic agents are specialized materials that are designed to enhance the body's natural clotting process and can be particularly useful in severe bleeding situations where direct pressure alone may not be sufficient.

In contrast, the other methods mentioned do not effectively address the immediate need to control bleeding. For instance, using a cold compress may slow bleeding by constricting blood vessels temporarily but is not a standalone method for managing serious bleeding. Massage is generally contraindicated in bleeding situations, as it can disrupt clot formation. Ice application and suction do not apply to the control of external bleeding; ice is more suitable for reducing swelling and pain, while suction is relevant to airway management rather than bleeding control. Bandaging is essential for protecting a wound and supporting clot formation, but it should always be done in conjunction with direct pressure and is