Which condition is characterized by low blood sugar levels?

Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar levels, typically defined as a serum glucose level below 70 mg/dL. This condition can arise due to various factors, such as excessive insulin production, insufficient food intake, prolonged periods of physical activity, or the side effects of certain medications. Symptoms often include shakiness, sweating, confusion, irritability, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness if the levels drop too low. Recognizing hypoglycemia is vital for EMTs, as timely intervention can prevent serious complications and restore normal glucose levels.

The other conditions mentioned have different characteristics. Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus itself is a chronic condition that can lead to both hyperglycemia and, under certain circumstances, hypoglycemia, especially in patients managing their insulin. Insulin resistance refers to the body's diminished ability to utilize insulin effectively, which is often a precursor to type 2 diabetes and relates more to high blood sugar than low. Understanding the differences between these metabolic dysfunctions is essential for providing the appropriate care and treatment.